The word Chanukah is associated with the Hebrew word chen, which means “grace”. When you meet people with chen, you realize there is something very attractive about them. But chen is not the same as “pretty,” which is yofi in Hebrew.
We have all had the experience of meeting someone whose face seemed beautiful only to have such a first impression quickly wear off as we heard that person complain, criticize and spew out negativity. Similarly, we have all had the experience of meeting someone not at all attractive at first glance, but who became beautiful when he or she broke into a smile or demonstrated kindness and warmth.
That sort of experience demonstrates the difference between chen and yofi. Yofi is an external beauty. Chen is inner beauty.
The word Chanukah is also associated with the Hebrew word for “education” which is chinuch. King Solomon in the Book of Proverbs (5:19) praises the Torah for bringing chen upon all who study it. In other words, Torah education draws out your inner beauty, a beauty that is a function of your relationship to God which also depends on how well you relate to yourself, your friends, your community and the world. Through true loving relationships and spiritual harmony, our inner godly beauty shines out to the world. And the more you discover your own inner beauty of chen, you discover the chen of all people from the universal soul that we all share.
The word education comes from the Latin word educare, which means to “draw out.” To educate, therefore, means to draw out something that fundamentally is already there. In the process of education, you actually become aware of yourself — your soul shines. You grow, you transform and become the real you. Rather than simply memorizing a bunch of information, you absorb ideas that draw out the inner you and reveals who you really are in relationship to G-d.
The conflict between the Jews and Greeks was really about the tension between “Chen” and ‘Yofi’—inner beauty (the beauty of the soul as a part of G-d) and external beauty. This is why the Midrash states: Rabbi Shimon ben Lakish explained the verse in Genesis: …and darkness [on the face of the depths]. “This refers to Greece who darkened the eyes of Israel with their decrees, in which they said to them: ‘Write upon the horn of a bull — that you do not have part in the God of Israel…'” (Midrash Genesis Rabba 2:4)
The Greeks wanted to sever our relationship to G-d and thereby extinguish the light of chen. To them only Yofi — was real and worth worshipping. They were experts in seeing and expressing the stunning symmetry, harmony and physical beauty of the world through art and the study of science. Judaism also values the physical world. It honors art and science but only as long as it is subservient to the spiritual. In fact the numerical value of the Hebrew words for “art” [omanut, 497] and “science” [mada, 114] is equal to that of the word Torah [611].) Yofi without chen is like a body without a soul. It is dead and rots. There is no life to the external beauty of yofi (art and science) when pursued independent of Torah and the spiritual beauty of chen that is generates.
The Torah states in Genesis 9:27, “May God beautify Yefet and he will dwell in the tents of Shem.” Yefet, the son of Noah, is the ancestor of Greece, and Shem is the father of the Semites — Israel. The blessing of Yefet is only within the tent of Israel; only when it is subservient to the values and ideals of Torah.
The Talmud teaches that a beautiful spouse, a beautiful house, and beautiful objects expand a person’s mind. Once I was visiting a friend who was in the throes of deciding whether to take a year after college to learn in Yeshiva or get to work and build his career. Spending a year in Yeshiva study would have meant a boost to his spiritual life, but a significant drop in his bank account. He quoted to me the above thought from the Talmud. “I think I could probably have a more beautiful house if I get moving with my career,” he told me. “If I could make a lot of money, I could afford more beautiful furnishings. So why should I go to Yeshiva?” I replied: “The Talmud says those things will expand your mind. You have to decide how you are going to fill your expanded mind. If you have little to fill it with you will feel very empty. Physical beauty is only valuable when it serves the purposes of a Torah life.”
The Midrash Shachar analyzes the word “Zion (Israel) ציון ,” and breaks it into its two components צ – יון . The first letter, the tzaddik, represents the holy righteous Jew, while the last three letters, yud, vav, nun, spell out ‘Yavan,’ the Hebrew word for Greece. Israel and Greece –Torah, Art and Science — must ultimately be united but the righteousness of Torah must take the lead.