Torah teaches that the goal of life and the source of true happiness is holiness. We are holy when we are whole — integrated and harmonious with our inner self, with our nation, with the rest of humanity, with nature and with G-d. This is accomplished through fulfilling the Commandments of G-d.
When we violate the Commandments, we undermine our holiness and become disintegrated and discordant with our inner self, our nation, humanity, nature and G-d. In other words, when we go against the will of G-d we estrange ourselves from the Soul of souls — the Ultimate Self — G-d, and from our inner self, which is a ray of G-d. We set ourselves apart from the Jewish people — our collective national self — by failing to fully partake in accomplishing our G-d given national mission. We also alienate ourselves from the rest of humanity because we neglect our responsibility to become a light of inspiration to them. Because we are not fulfilling our divine purpose on earth, nature resists supporting us and dis-ease increases in the world.
From Rosh Hashanah till Yom Kippur we work our way back, from disintegration to wholeness and happiness. On Sukkot we reach the finish line and celebrate becoming whole again.
The sages tell us that the four species represent different parts of ourselves. The esrog symbolizes our heart, the palm branch — our spine, the shape of the myrtle leaves suggests our eyes and the willow leaves look like our mouth. Therefore, when we hold them together to perform the commandment we are as if pulling ourselves together and dedicating ourselves to G-d.
The four species also symbolize the different kinds of Jews that make up the community. The esrog has taste and fragrance — representing Jews who are both learned in Torah and also do good deeds. The lulav, which is a branch of a date tree, hints to those of us who have taste but not fragrance — Torah learning but not good deeds. The myrtle has fragrance but no taste — alluding to those amongst us who do good deeds but are not learned. The willow, however, has neither taste nor fragrance — signifying Jews who are unlearned and do no good.
Therefore, when you hold the four species together, you are not only expressing the wholeness within yourself, you are also acknowledging yourself as being connected and whole with your fellow Jews, no matter who they are.
We then wave the four species towards the four corners of the world, up and down, to acknowledge that the whole world, all of humanity, heaven above and the earth below, belong to G-d.
The commandment to live in the sukkah is also a celebration of our return to wholeness.
Although the sukkah has specific requirements regarding how small or tall it can be, there are no limits to how wide and long it can be. In fact, the Talmud says that it can be big enough to accommodate the entire Jewish people. In other words, the sukkah expresses the peace and wholeness that we can share with every Jew in the world.
It is customary each day of the holiday, just before we begin our meal in our sukkah, to invite as our dinner guests the ushpizhin. The ushpizhin are the souls of the ancient founders, visionaries and leaders of the Jewish people — Abraham, Isaac, Jacob, Moses, Aaron, Joseph and King David. This custom celebrates the truth that on Sukkot we not only feel whole again with the entire Jewish people living in our times, but of all times, since their very inception. When we do wrong and violate the teachings of the Torah we break our link to Jewish history and forfeit our part in Jewish destiny. However, on Sukkot, now that we have completed our repentance, we experience ourselves reunited with the collective soul of our people, including those great souls who were both the founders of the Jewish people’s past and visionaries of their future.
Once we are reconnected to our people, we are back on track ready to fulfill of our universal mission — to be a priestly nation, a light unto the world and the ambassadors for world peace. Therefore, during the times when the Temple stood in Jerusalem, we celebrated our wholeness with humanity by bringing sacrifices on their behalf.
Ready to fulfill our purpose on earth we are able to celebrate our return back to nature and nature supports us in our holy efforts. Therefore, we embrace the four species and feel embraced by the natural setting of the sukkah, covered by its roof made of foliage, living in its shade by day and peering at the stars at night. In fact, according to Jewish Mysticism, the sukkah has the ambience of the Garden of Eden, where humanity was in complete harmony with nature and all our physical needs were naturally provided for without the sweat of our brow.
Sukkot is the celebration of ultimate holiness. On this holiday we celebrate the wholeness we achieved after penitence and the wholeness with G-d that we can now experience in our physical world. We feel the ecstatic joy of being integrated within ourselves, one with our people and our leaders throughout time, aligned with our nation’s universal mission, renewed in our commitment to humanity, and harmonized with nature. We are thrilled to know and feel that we have finally returned back to our true selves. We are whole in One — whole with G-d and whole in G-d.